Transmitting 8-bit Unicode (UTF-8) over network may cause issues, and often times the Unicode is encoded into a 7-bit ASCII code before transmission. In HTML, XML and XHTML; you can either use the Numberic Character Reference (NCR) or Named Character Reference to encode special characters into an HTML symbols.
The numeric character reference code is represented with &# followed by the numeric value AND semicolon, and named character reference code is used when available. For example, the < (less-than) character is represented with < (numeric character reference), or < (named character reference) code respectively.
Encode or Decode URL with % followed by 2-digit hexadecimal number.
Convert a hostname (or IDN) to Punycode, or Punycode to Text.
